Understanding the basics of student motivation can improve student expectations, outcomes, and engagement. These are resources that provide foundational knowledge. There are several other resources available. In addition to the fundamental approaches, consideration should be given to mindset, grit, persistence, and failure.

• Ambrose, et al, S. A., Bridges, M. W., DiPietro, M., Lovett, M. C., & Norman, M. K. (2010). How learning works: 7 research-based principles for smart teaching. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
• Wigfield, A & Eccles, J. (2000). Expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology 25(1), 68-81. DOI: 10.1006/ceps.1999.1015
• Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
• Boyd, D., Baudier, J., & Stromie, T. (2015). Flipping the mindset: Reframing fear and failure to catalyze development. To Improve the Academy, 34, p. 1-19. doi: 10.1002/tia2.20028
• Duckworth, A. (2016). Grit: The power of passion and perseverance (1st ed.). New York, NY: Scribner.
• Dweck, C. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success (1st ed.). New York: Random House.
• Carol Dweck Ted Talk Video:  Developing a Growth Mindset